Binary Search Tree (BST) insert, delete, successor, predecessor, traversal, unique trees

From wiki, A binary search tree is a rooted binary tree, whose internal nodes each store a key (and optionally, an associated value) and each have two distinguished sub-trees, commonly denoted left and right. The tree additionally satisfies the binary search tree property, which states that the key in each node must be greater than all keys stored in the left sub-tree, and smaller than all keys in right sub-tree.[1] (The leaves (final nodes) of the tree contain no key and have no structure to distinguish them from one another. Leaves are commonly represented by a special leaf or nil symbol, a NULL pointer, etc.)

Kth Smallest Element and median of Two Sorted Arrays

Given two sorted arrays find the element which would be kth in their merged and sorted combination.

For example, A=[1, 1, 2, 3, 10, 15] and B=[-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7] then k=8th smallest element would be 4 as it appears in 8th position of the merged sorted array=[-1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 15].

Permutation and Combination

Permutation

Permutation means arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting. These differ from combinations, which are selections of some members of a set where order is disregarded. For example, written as tuples, there are six permutations of the set {a,b,c}, namely: (a,b,c), (a,c,b), (b,a,c), (b,c,a), (c,a,b), and (c,b,a). These are all the possible orderings of this three element set.

Self-Intersecting spiral moves

You are given a list of n float numbers x_1, x_2, x_3, … x_n, where x_i > 0. A traveler starts at point (0, 0) and moves x_1 metres to the north, then x_2 metres to the west, x_3 to the south, x_4 to the east and so on (after each move his direction changes counter-clockwise).
Write an single-pass algorithm that uses O(1) memory to determine, if the travelers path crosses itself, or not (i.e. if it’s self-intersecting)
e.g.
2 1 1 2 -> crosses
1 2 3 4 -> doesn’t cross

Equal partitioning with minimum difference in sum

Given an array consisting of N Numbers.
Divide it into two Equal partitions (in size both contains N/2 elements) such that difference between sum of both partitions is minimum. If number of elements are odd difference in partition size can be at most 1.